Raster/bitmap files. Raster files are used for the vast majority of web-based graphics displayed on a screen. These tend to be outputted media, typically from Photoshop and other photo editing software and even paint. They can easily lose quality due to the fact they strictly use a dot matrix structure (A rectangular grid of pixels, or point of colours). These can be split into lossy (JPEG, though a lossless JPEG file is now in existence), and lossless (PNG, GIF, TIFF). Lossy files lose quality due to the fact they have the ability to be compressed without the use of a third-party application. Lossless dont compress and therefor also have the highest quality of them all. Rasterisation. Rasterisation is the process of converting a vector file, seen below, to a raster/bitmap file, above. However rasterisation is also the most popular technique to render real-time 3d computer graphics, which is a process that has to be done instantly. Vector files. Vector files are mainly used for logos, charts, icons or any hard-edge graphics. They tend to be source graphics as they can be edited without losing quality. This is because they use polygons to represent images. Adobe illustrator is based around the editing and creation of vectors, it exports them as .ai files. 3D computer graphics. 3D computer graphics, in contrast to 2D computer graphics, are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D computer graphics. 3D computer graphics rely on many of the same algorithms as 2D computer vector graphics in the wire-frame model and 2D computer raster graphics in the final rendered display. In computer graphics software, the distinction between 2D and 3D is occasionally blurred; 2D applications may use 3D techniques to achieve effects such as lighting, and 3D may use 2D rendering techniques. A couple programs that create 3D graphics are Cinema4D and Blender. Meta-files. Meta-files are pieces of graphical information that’s easily exchangeable between systems or software. They can store different kind of data, but they are mainly involved in graphical data.
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